Module 1: Why Aerodynamic Simulation Matters Before You Build
- How simulation lets engineers predict turbine performance before committing to a physical build.
- Cost and time savings simulation offers compared to physical prototype testing.
- The role simulation plays in optimising blade design and overall turbine efficiency.
Module 2: Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Foundations
- Lift, drag, and thrust: the core forces acting on a turbine.
- Airfoil shape, blade design, and rotor efficiency principles.
- Fluid mechanics essentials: the Navier-Stokes equations and boundary layer theory.
Module 3: Getting Started with CFD for Wind Turbines
- Computational Fluid Dynamics as a modelling approach: steady-state vs. transient, RANS, LES, and DNS.
- Popular CFD platforms – ANSYS Fluent, OpenFOAM, STAR-CCM+ – and how to set up a basic simulation.
- Mesh generation and grid refinement practices for reliable results.
Module 4: Boundary Conditions and Mesh Quality
- Defining inlet, outlet, and surface boundary conditions correctly.
- Why mesh resolution and quality drive result accuracy.
- Refinement techniques and ensuring simulation convergence.
Module 5: Forces at the Blade – Lift, Drag, Moment, and Power
- How angle of attack, airfoil shape, and wind speed generate lift and drag.
- Techniques to minimise drag and maximise lift for efficiency.
- The power coefficient (Cp) and how aerodynamic moments shape structural blade design.
Module 6: Wake Effects and Wind Farm Layout
- How the wake behind one turbine affects turbines downstream.
- Modelling wake effects to optimise turbine placement.
- Techniques to reduce wake losses across a wind farm.
Module 7: Blade Element Momentum (BEM) Theory in Practice
- Key assumptions behind Blade Element Momentum theory.
- Step-by-step calculation of lift, drag, and thrust on blade elements.
- Adjusting BEM calculations for changing wind conditions and operating regimes.
Module 8: Combining BEM with CFD for Sharper Predictions
- Why integrating BEM with CFD improves prediction accuracy.
- Using CFD results to refine BEM-based blade calculations.
- Practical benefits of combining both methods in design workflows.
Module 9: Optimising Blade Design for Performance
- Shape, twist, and chord distribution as levers for aerodynamic optimisation.
- Genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimisation, and other optimisation approaches.
- Balancing aerodynamic performance against structural integrity and material limits, and maximising energy capture across wind speeds.
Module 10: Blade Tip Design and Efficiency Gains
- Winglets, vortex generators, and other tip designs that reduce tip losses.
- Mitigating tip vortices to raise energy efficiency.
- The link between tip design, turbine performance, and noise reduction.
Module 11: Simulating Real-World Conditions – Turbulence and Unsteady Flow
- Why unsteady aerodynamics such as gusts, turbulence, and yawing matter for real performance.
- Transient simulations that account for real-world wind fluctuations.
- Turbulence models and wind shear simulation for varying atmospheric conditions.
Module 12: Validating Simulation Results Against Reality
- Comparing simulation output with field measurements and experimental data.
- Benchmarking practices that ensure model accuracy.
- Common challenges in correlating CFD predictions with real-world turbine behaviour.