Why do some states go to war while others quietly settle disputes across a negotiating table? The answer lies in understanding how the international system itself has evolved — its actors, its power structures, and the theories that try to explain it. The Evolution of International Relations course from the Arab British Fellowship Training Academy was built to answer exactly that question, tracing global politics from the birth of the modern state to today's multipolar landscape.

Rather than treating theory and history as separate tracks, the course connects them: participants examine the intellectual schools that shape how governments read world events, then apply that lens to real turning points — from the Cold War to the rise of globalization — building the analytical judgment needed to interpret today's international affairs with confidence.

After completing this course, participants will be able to:

• Define international relations and trace its historical development from earlier eras to the present.
• Compare the intellectual schools — realism, liberalism, and constructivism — that explain state behaviour.
• Assess the influence of international actors, state and non-state alike, on the global system.
• Interpret the political and economic shifts shaping contemporary international relations.
• Read and analyse international issues with a stronger strategic perspective.

Who should attend:

• Diplomats and staff in foreign affairs departments.
• Employees of government institutions and international or regional organisations.
• Academics, researchers and professionals interested in political and international affairs.
• Anyone seeking to build their professional knowledge of international relations.

Module 1: Who Shapes World Politics

• States and their central, still-dominant role in the international system, alongside international and regional organisations and multinational corporations.
• Non-governmental organisations, media and public opinion as informal but influential players, and how globalization has multiplied the number of actors with a stake in world affairs.

Module 2: Rival Theories: Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism

• The core assumptions of Realism and where Liberalism departs from them.
• Constructivism's approach, and how the three schools compare in explaining state behaviour.

Module 3: Making Sense of Today's World Through Theory

• How theoretical thought on international relations has evolved, and where the major schools converge or diverge.
• Applying theory as a working tool for reading contemporary global events rather than a purely academic exercise.

Module 4: Foundations — Concepts, the State and the Path to Westphalia

• Defining international relations and its scope, and tracing how the modern state itself evolved.
• The Treaty of Westphalia as the starting point of the modern international system, and the sovereignty and balance-of-power concepts it introduced.

Module 5: Power, Order and Structural Change in the International System

• Defining the international system, how power gets distributed among states, and the role of alliances.
• How international systems transition from one order to another, including the rise of major powers and what that means for global stability.

Module 6: The Cold War and Its Legacy

• What drove the Cold War, how international polarization took shape, and the indirect conflicts and proxy wars it produced.
• The collapse of the Soviet Union, the reshaping of the international system that followed, and the outcomes of that transitional period.

Module 7: A Unipolar World and the Forces of Globalization

• The emergence of a unipolar system after the Cold War, the role of the United States, and the new challenges that followed.
• Globalization's political, economic, cultural and social dimensions, and how they reshape relations between states.

Module 8: Foreign Policy and Diplomacy in Action

• What foreign policy is, the tools states use to implement it, and what determines foreign policy decisions.
• The forms diplomacy takes, how diplomatic practice has evolved, and the role negotiation plays in international affairs.

Module 9: International and Regional Institutions

• How international organisations emerged, the United Nations and its main bodies, and their role in keeping the peace.
• The objectives of regional organisations, examples of regional integration, and the challenges regional cooperation faces.

Module 10: Security Challenges, Traditional and Non-Traditional

• The concept of international security, collective security frameworks, and traditional security threats.
• Non-traditional threats — international terrorism, cybersecurity, and crises that cross borders.

Module 11: The Economics Behind International Relations

• How politics and economics intersect, global trade patterns, and the major international economic institutions.
• The North-South economic gap, resource-related conflicts, and how development affects global stability.

Module 12: Contemporary Trends and What Comes Next

• The rise of multipolarity, the growing weight of regional powers, and the geopolitical shifts under way.
• The challenges expected ahead, opportunities for international cooperation, and the emerging features of the next international system.